One problem the users encountered while connecting their iPhone/iPod touch to a Windows Vista system was the blue screen of death. As Apple acknowledged:

After installing iTunes 8 for Windows, some users may see a blue screen error message when connecting iPhone or iPod to a Windows Vista computer.

Now, with the iTunes 8 installer, this BSOD (Blue Screen of Death) has been erased.
This Apple Fix tells you to uninstall the Apple Mobile Device and then reinstall the new iTunes 8. For step by step details, check out the Apple support article .